“Assembled as One”: the origins and early meaning of the term “Monk” in the East according to the documents from II to IV c. A. D. Part II: Syriac sources
Keywords:
history of Christianity, history of the Church, Christian ascetics, ascetical theology, monasticism, emergence of monasticism, monastic life, theology of monastic life, bnay / bnat qyama, ihidaya, single ones, Aphrahat, Ephraim the Syrian, Syriac asceticism, Christian Syria, Christian Egypt, ascetic orders, monastic ordersAbstract
This article deals with the problem of identity and the origin of monasticism. To address this issue, the author applies a linguistic approach; he examines different contexts of the early use of the concept “Monk” according to Greek, Coptic and Syriac sources, in the dioceses of Egypt and Syria from the 2nd to the 4th century. A.D. The Greek term μοναχός and its Coptic transliteration nmonacos, as well as the Coptic term oua ouwt (“single one”), and the Syriac terms ihidaya and qyama are analyzed. Finally, the phenomenon described by the term “monk” in the early Christian milieu, did not come from nowhere; originally it was part of a wider ascetic movement of the early Church. This fact may modify the cherished notions regarding the origin of monasticism and its authentic identity. The phenomenon of monasticism in the Orthodox Church results from a long process of assimilation, unification and later interpretation of early Christian ascetic doctrines and experience during the Byzantine era.
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