A Comparative Analysis of the Concepts of the Religious Symbol in the Theological Systems of Paul Tillich and the Theological Thought of Protopresbyter Alexander Schmemann

Abstract

 

This paper compares the theological concepts of the religious symbol in the works of P. Tillich and Protopresbyter Alexander Schmemann. The study identifies points of convergence and fundamental differences in their symbolic approaches, specifically tracing Schmemann’s interpretation of Tillich’s perception of the symbol. Using a comparative‑analytical method, the research examines the characteristics of symbols within their theological systems and explores the influence of Friedrich Schelling’s philosophy on both thinkers. By analyzing the usage contexts of key terms, the author reveals a shared theological stance: the symbol is neither metaphor nor allegory, but a living ontological link between God and humanity. Finally, the paper demonstrates how distinct denominational contexts shaped their respective views, contributing to a deeper understanding of the 20th‑century dialogue between Western and Eastern theological traditions.