Distinguishing Symbol and Archetype in Exegetical Analysis: A Case Study of the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5–7)

Abstract

The article aims to demonstrate the significance of distinguishing between the semiotic concepts of «symbol» and «archetype». While the «symbol» is a traditional term in exegesis, the «archetype» represents a relative innovation in exegetical studies. The methodology for analyzing these linguistic signs is based on a linguoculturological approach, where the linguistic picture of the world is examined through three communicative spaces: semantic, semiotic, and conceptual. The properties of the symbol are considered within the tradition of A. F. Losev, Yu. M. Lotman, et al. The archetype, rooted in the theory of C. G. Jung, is analyzed as a verbalized form of universals, following the works of N. F. Alefirenko, A. Yu. Bolshakova, A. Wierzbicka, et al. Viewing symbols and archetypes solely within the semantic space of language oversimplifies text interpretation, as these signs are treated merely as tropes without functional differentiation. However, engaging the semiotic and conceptual spaces allows for a clear distinction between these signs and a deeper exploration of their functional significance. This approach provides a more multidimensional view of the linguistic picture of the world and enriches well‑known exegetical material with additional layers of meaning.