Athanase of Clysma — A Forgotten Saint from Egypt and His Liturgical Cult
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31802/GB.2022.44.1.013Keywords:
hymnography, martyr Athanase of Clysma, tropologion Sinai Greek ΜΓ/ΝΕ 4, Christian Egypt, Clysma, new finds on Sinai (1975)Abstract
In this article, I publish and study the Greek acolouthia from the tropologion of a new redaction Sinai Greek ΜΓ/ΝΕ 4 (9th c.) in honour of saint warrior Athanase. He martyred in 4th c. on the days of the Nativity of Christ in Clysma on the Red Sea (modern Suez, Egypt) and was locally venerated as a patron of Clysma and more wide regionally through the Christian East, the fact, witnessed by Greek, Georgian, Arabic, Ethiopian versions of his Life; in Byzantium he was actually unknown. The mentions of the church and of the shrine in the service allow to associate this text with a real place - the church of St. Athanase in Clysma, there a liturgical cult of the martyr was originated. Here a solemn celebration took place on July 18 (Epiphi 24), most probable the enkaenia day, or the invention of the relic’s day. This acolouthia is an example of a mature Hagiopolite hymnography (a heirmoi and podobni system has already been developed, the facts of Life are integrated into topoi skeleton of common propers for martyrs, the second ode is absent, two theotokia are interpolated, and three triadika for the odes 7-9 are original), and can be dated by models, drawn from John of Damascus’ and Cosmas of Maiuma’ repertoire, not earlier than 8thc. and not later than 30-40th - end 9th c., when this codex was appeared. From Clysma, there the liturgical cult of the saint ourished, it spread further, and entered several Georgican hymnals of Hagiopolite tradition.
Downloads
References
Christides V., Høgel Ch., Monferrer-Sala J. P. (eds.) The Martyrdom of Athanasius of Klysma, a Saint from the Egyptian Desert. Athens: The Institute for Graeco-Oriental and African Studies, 2012.
Eutychius. Annales / ed. L. Cheikho, B. Carra de Vaux, H. Zayyat. Beirut; Paris; Lipsae: Typ. Catholico; Carolus Pussielgue, Bibliopola; Otto Harrassowitz, 1906. (CSCO; vol. 50; Scriptores Arabici; vol. 6).
Garitte G. Le calendrier palestino-géorgien du Sinaiticus 34 (Xe siècle). Bruxelles: Société des Bollandistes, 1958. (SH; vol. 30).
Joannes Chrysostomus. De sanctis martyribus Bernice et Prosdoce // PG. T. 50. Col. 629-640.
Kekelidze K. Mart’viloba Atanase K’ulizmelisa // Et’ iudebi zveli Kartuli lit’erat’u is ist’ori (1962) 56-70.
Le Calendrier d’Abou’l-Barakât / éd. et trad. par E. Tisserant. Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1915. (PO; t. 10). P. 245-286.
Papadopoulos-Kerameus A. Μαρτύριον τοῦ Ἁγίου Μεγαλομάρτυρος Ἀθανασίου τοῦ ἐν τῷ Κλύσματι τῆς Ἐρυθρᾶς θαλάσσης (Cod.Coislin. 303. X в. F. 182a-187b) // Ἀνάλεκτα Ἱεροσολυμιτικῆς Σταχυολογίας. Τ. Ε´. Ἐν Πετρουπόλει, 1898. Σ. 360-367.
Raineri O. Passione di Athanasio di Clysma // OCP. 2001. Vol. 67/1. P. 143-156.
The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and Some Neighbouring Countries Attributed to Abû Ṣâliḥ, the Armenian / ed. and transl. by B. T. A. Evetts, A. J. Butler. Oxford: Claredon Press, 1895. (Anecdota Oxoniensia. Semitic series; pt. 7).
Yāqūt. Kitāb al-mushtarak / ed. F. Wüstenfeld. Göttingen, 1846.
Иоанн Златоуст, свт. Похвальная беседа о святых мученицах Вернике и Просдоке девах и о матери их Домнине // Творения святого отца нашего Иоанна Златоуста, архиепископа Константинопольского, в русском переводе. Т. 2. Кн. 2. СПб.: СПбДА, 1896. С. 557-741.
Войтенко А. А. Афанасий Клизмийский // ПЭ. 2003. Т. 3. С. 706-707.
Кривко Р. Синайско-славянские гимнографические параллели // Вестник ПСТГУ. Серия III: Филология. 2008. Вып. 1 (11). С. 56-102.
Кристианс Д. Топосы в песнопениях византийской служебной минеи и проблемы их переноса на славянскую почву. М.: Индрик, 2018.
Никифорова А. Ю., Холкина Л. С. Святые жены в древнеиерусалимском богослужении: корпус текстов и система топосов // Библия и христианская древность. 2021. № 3 (11). С. 160-196.
Фонкич Б. Л. Византийский маюскул. VIII-IX вв. К вопросу о датировке рукописей. М.: ЯСК, 2020.
Amélineau E. Histoire des monastères de la Basse-Egypte. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1894. (Annales du Musée Guimet; t. 25).
Brakmann H. Neue Funde und Forschungen zur Liturgie der Kopten 419-435 // Actes du IV-e Congrès Copte. (Louvain-la-Neive, 5-10 septembre 1988) / éd. par M. Rassart-Debergh,.
J. Ries T. II. Louvain-la-Neuve: Institut Orientaliste, 1992. P. 419-435.
Bruyѐre B. Fouilles de Clysma-Qolzoum (Suez) 1930-1932. Le Caire: Imprimerie de l’Institut français d’ Archéologie orientale, 1966. (Fouilles de l’Institut français d’ Archéologie orientale; vol. 27).
Calabrese M. A. Atanasio, santo, martire di Clysma // Enciclopedia dei santi. Bibliotheca sanctorum. T. II. Roma: Istituto Giovanni XXIII nella Pontificia Università lateranense, 1962. Col. 549-550.
Chitty D. J. The Desert a City. London: Basil Blackwell, 1966.
Chkhikvadze N. (ed.) The Georgian Manuscript Book Abroad / transl. by L. Mirianashvili. Tbilisi: Korneli Kekelidze Georgian National Center of Manuscripts, 2018.
Coquin R.-G., Martin M., Clysma // The Coptic Encyclopedia. 1991. Vol. 2. P. 564-565.
Delehaye H. Les martyrs d’ Égypte // AB. 1922. Vol. 40. 5-154, 299-363.
Esbroeck M. Van. Athanasius of Clysma // The Coptic Encyclopedia. 1991. Vol. 1. P. 304-306.
Esbroeck M. Van. L’Ethiopie à l’époque de Justinien: St. Arethas de Nagran et St. Athanasius de Clysma // IV Congresso Internazionale di Studi Etiopici (Roma, 10-15 aprile 1972). Vol. 1. Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 1974. P. 117-139.
Evelyn-White H. G. The Monasteries of Wadi’n Natrunm. Part 2: The History of the Monasteries of Nitria and Scetis / ed. W. Hauser, A. M. Lithgoe. New York (N. Y.): The Metropolitan Musem of Art Egyptian Expedition, 1932. [Arno Press, r1973].
Géhin P., Frøyshov S. Nouvelles découvertes sinaїtiques: à propos de la parution de l’inventaire des manuscripts grecs // REB. 2000. Vol. 58. P. 178-179.
Lequeux X. Review of the Book «The Martyrdom of Athanasius of Klysma, a Saint from the Egyptian Desert», Christides, V. - Høgel, Ch. - Monferrer Sala, J. P. (eds) // AB. 2014. Vol. 132. P. 441-442.
Nikiforova A., Chronz T. The Codex Sinaiticus Liturgicus Revisited: A New Edition and Critical Assessment of the Text // OCP. 2017. Vol. 82. P. 59-125.
Nikiforova A. The Oldest Greek Tropologion Sin. Gr. ΜΓ 56+5: A New Witness to the Liturgy of Jerusalem from Outside Jerusalem with First Edition of the Text // Oriens christianus. 2015. Bd. 98. S. 138-174.
Nikolopoulos P. The New Finds of Sinai. Athens; Mount Sinai, 1998.
Sauget J.-M. Eglone di Sceta // Encyclopedia dei Sancti. Biblioteca sanctorum. Vol. 4. Roma: Istituto Giovanni XXIII nella Pontificia Università lateranense, 1964. Col. 972.
Taft R.Comparative Liturgy Fifty Years after Anton Baumstark (d.1948): a Reply to Recent Critics // Worship. 1999. Vol.73/6. P. 521-540.
Tsoutsos G. A Commentary of X. Lequeux’s Review of the Book «The Martyrdom of Athanasius of Klysma, a Saint from the Egyptian Desert», Christides, V. - Høgel, Ch. - Monferrer Sala, J. P. (eds) in Analecta Bollandiana 132 (2014), pp. 441-442 // Collectanea Christiana Orientalia. 2016. Vol. 13. P. 289-291.
Worp K. A. A Checklist of Bishops in Byzantine Egypt (A. D. 325 - c. 750) // Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 1994. Vol. 100. S. 283-318.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
