The Epithet «Ecumenical» (οἰκουμενικός) and its New Appointment in the Legislation of Emperor Justinian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31802/PRAXIS.2021.6.1.001Keywords:
Constantinople, emperor, patriarch, ecumenical, catholic, Rome, primacy, conciliarity, equality, Byzantine legislationAbstract
The report examines the main meanings of the epithet «ecumenical» (οἰκουμενικός) in Christian literature of the 4th–5th centuries and especially in the legislation of the Emperor Justinian, where this epithet began to firmly indicate the bishop of Constantinople, the capital of Byzantium. The first or one of the first uses of the expression «ecumenical patriarch» is found in the emperor’s Teopaschite edict of March 26, 533. A study of the legislative, historical and theological context suggests that the emperor Justinian wanted to elevate the authority of St. Epiphanius, Patriarch of Constantinople (520–535), and subsequent Patriarchs of Constantinople, as opposed to the Pope, who claimed to be the general Сhurch judge. Particular attention is paid to the teachings of emperor Justinian about the nature of Church appeal, the highest authority for which is not the Pope or the Patriarch of Constantinople, but any of the patriarchs who were part of the so-called pentarchy. Thus, the emperor Justinian himself remained a supporter of the conciliar and equitable structure of the Church, which is especially important in our time.
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